Field evidence2025-02-04
AI assistance increased resolved issues per hour by 15% on average across 5,172 customer-support agents. Gains varied by experience, with limited benefits and some quality declines among the strongest workers.
Quarterly Journal of EconomicsRead the analysis ↗Controlled experiment2023-09
An experiment with 758 consultants found benefits on tasks within the tested AI capabilities. On a task beyond that boundary, AI users were less likely to reach the correct answer.
Harvard Business SchoolRead the analysis ↗Randomised experiment2023-07
In a study of 453 professionals, half received access to ChatGPT. Those with access completed short writing tasks faster and produced better-rated outputs. Average task time fell 40%; rated quality rose 18%.
ScienceRead the analysis ↗Field experiment2025-11
A six-month experiment across 66 firms found roughly two fewer hours of email work per week among treated workers using an integrated AI tool. Broader changes in task quantity or composition were not detected.
NBERRead the analysis ↗Field experiment2025-04
In product-innovation exercises with 776 P&G professionals, individuals using AI matched the performance of teams without AI. The experiment also explored expertise sharing across professional boundaries.
NBERRead the analysis ↗Representative surveys2025-02
Representative US surveys found rapid adoption, while regular use and the share of work assisted were smaller than the headline number of people who had tried AI.
NBERRead the analysis ↗Administrative records and surveys2026-03-13
Danish work reorganised and AI-related tasks emerged, while average earnings and recorded hours showed no detectable change large enough to exceed 2% in the studied period.
Humlum & VestergaardRead the analysis ↗Randomised field experiments2025-08-20
Combined evidence from 4,867 developers estimated more completed tasks with AI code-completion tools. Individual experiments were noisy and effects varied.
Three workplace experimentsRead the analysis ↗Randomised real-task experiment2025-07-10
Sixteen experienced developers working on 246 issues took 19% longer with the studied tools, despite believing they had worked faster.
METRRead the analysis ↗Follow-up and measurement analysis2026-02-24
Newer developer data suggested improvement, but participant selection, task selection and concurrent agent use made the effect estimate unreliable.
METRRead the analysis ↗Economic model and historical analysis2021-01
New technologies require complementary investment in processes, skills and organisational assets. These investments affect when productivity benefits appear and how they are measured.
American Economic JournalRead the analysis ↗Task-based economic model2024-05
Aggregate benefits depend on improvement within affected tasks and the share of activity those tasks represent. Estimates are sensitive to assumptions about capabilities and exposure.
NBER · Daron AcemogluRead the analysis ↗Employer and worker surveys2024-03-15
Workers reported benefits to performance and job enjoyment, alongside concerns about work intensity, data use and inequality.
OECDRead the analysis ↗Representative SME survey2025-11-05
A 2024 survey of over 5,000 SMEs in seven countries found reported performance benefits more common than increased revenue. Skills, legal concerns and preparation remained relevant.
OECDRead the analysis ↗Meta-analysis of 106 studies2024-10-28
Human–AI combinations did not consistently outperform the better of the human or AI alone. Results differed between decision tasks and content creation.
Nature Human BehaviourRead the analysis ↗Practitioner interviews2024-08-13
Interviews with 65 AI/ML practitioners highlighted unclear goals, unsuitable data, technology-led decisions, missing infrastructure and tasks beyond available capabilities.
RANDRead the analysis ↗Governance framework2023-01-26
The AI Risk Management Framework organises governance, context, measurement and risk management across the lifecycle of an AI system.
NISTRead the analysis ↗Official risk guidance2024-07-26
NIST’s generative-AI profile addresses unreliable content, privacy, security and problematic configurations of people and AI systems.
NISTRead the analysis ↗Agent benchmark2025-03-19
Task duration, measured against human completion time, offers a lens on agent capability. Performance improved rapidly in the tested software-task suite.
METRRead the analysis ↗Annual evidence synthesis2026-04-13
The annual index documents advancing capabilities, uneven performance and gaps in responsible-AI measurement and transparency.
Stanford HAIRead the analysis ↗